The coccyx, or tailbone, is the small, triangular bone at the base of your spine. It consists of three to five fused vertebrae and supports your body while sitting. Despite its small size, the coccyx plays a crucial role in weight distribution and balance. Coccydynia, or tailbone pain, can cause significant discomfort and impact daily activities.Â
Symptoms of Coccydynia: Common symptoms include pain and tenderness at the base of the spine, which can worsen when sitting, especially on hard surfaces, or during prolonged sitting periods. Pain may also intensify when moving from sitting to standing or during bowel movements. Some individuals experience discomfort during sexual intercourse. The pain can radiate to the lower back, hips, and legs, leading to muscle tightness and spasms in the surrounding areas.
Causes of Coccydynia: Coccydynia can result from various factors, including trauma such as a fall or direct impact to the tailbone. Repetitive strain or prolonged sitting on hard or narrow surfaces can also lead to coccydynia. Childbirth is a common cause in women, as the coccyx can be injured during delivery. Degenerative joint changes, infections, and tumors are less common but possible causes. Poor posture, obesity, and certain sports or activities that exert pressure on the tailbone can also contribute to coccydynia.
Diagnosis of Coccydynia: Doctors diagnose coccydynia through medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic imaging. During the physical exam, they assess tenderness, swelling, and range of motion. A rectal examination may be performed to evaluate the mobility of the coccyx and rule out other conditions. Imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs help visualize bone abnormalities, fractures, or degenerative changes. In some cases, a coccygeal injection of a local anesthetic can help confirm the diagnosis by relieving pain temporarily.
Treatments for Coccydynia: Most cases of coccydynia are managed with non-surgical treatments. Pain relief medications, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetaminophen, can help alleviate discomfort. Physical therapy focuses on stretching and strengthening exercises for the pelvic and lower back muscles, improving posture, and using ergonomic seating adjustments. A donut-shaped or wedge cushion can reduce pressure on the coccyx while sitting. If conservative treatments fail, doctors may recommend injections of corticosteroids or anesthetics near the tailbone to relieve pain and inflammation. Surgery, though rare, may be considered in severe cases unresponsive to other treatments, involving the removal of the coccyx (coccygectomy).
By understanding coccydynia and exploring various treatment options, individuals can find effective ways to manage pain and improve their quality of life.
